Yintoni iPVC Stabilizers

PVC izinzisiizongezo ezisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuzinza kwe-thermal ye-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) kunye ne-copolymers yayo. Kwiiplastiki zePVC, ukuba ubushushu bokulungisa bungaphezu kwe-160℃, ukubola kwe-thermal kuya kwenzeka kwaye igesi yeHCl iya kuveliswa. Ukuba akunyanzelwanga, oku kuchithwa kwe-thermal kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi, kube nefuthe kuphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeplastiki zePVC.

Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ukuba iiplastiki zePVC ziqulathe izixa ezincinci zetyuwa elothe, isepha yesinyithi, i-phenol, i-amine enuka kamnandi, kunye nobunye ukungcola, ukusetyenzwa kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo akuyi kuchaphazeleka, nangona kunjalo, ukubola kwayo okushushu kunokuncitshiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Ezi zifundo zikhuthaza ukusekwa kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwe-PVC stabilizers.

Izizinzi eziqhelekileyo ze-PVC ziquka i-organotin stabilizers, i-metal stabilizers yetyuwa, kunye ne-inorganic stabilizers yetyuwa. I-Organotin stabilizers isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yeemveliso zePVC ngenxa yokungafihli, ukumelana nemozulu entle, kunye nokuhambelana. Izizinzi zetyuwa zesinyithi zihlala zisebenzisa i-calcium, i-zinc, okanye i-barium salts, enokubonelela ngokuzinza okungcono kwe-thermal. I-inorganic salt stabilizers ezifana ne-tribasic lead sulfate, i-dibasic lead phosphite, njl. Xa ukhetha i-PVC stabilizer efanelekileyo, kufuneka uqwalasele iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zePVC kunye neempawu ezifunekayo zokuzinza. Ukuqiniswa okuhlukeneyo kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kweemveliso ze-PVC ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neekhemikhali, ngoko ke ukuqulunqwa okungqongqo kunye nokuvavanya kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka kwezizinzi. Intshayelelo eneenkcukacha kunye nothelekiso lwezinzisi ezahlukeneyo zePVC zezi zilandelayo:

I-Organotin Stabilizer:I-Organotin stabilizers zezona zizinzisi zisebenzayo kwiimveliso zePVC. Iikhompawundi zabo ziyimveliso yokusabela ye-organotin oxides okanye i-organotin chlorides ene-acids efanelekileyo okanye i-esters.

I-Organotin stabilizers ihlulwe ibe yi-sulfure-equlethe kunye ne-sulfur-free. Uzinzo lwe-Sulfur-containing stabilizers lubalaseleyo, kodwa kukho iingxaki kwincasa kunye ne-cross-staining efana nezinye iikhompawundi ezinesulfure. I-non-sulfur organotin stabilizers ngokuqhelekileyo isekelwe kwi-asidi ye-maleic okanye i-half maleic acid esters. Bathanda i-methyl tin stabilizers azizinzisi zobushushu ezingasebenziyo kangako ezinozinzo olungcono lokukhanya.

Izizinzi ze-Organotin zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ekupakishweni kokutya kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-PVC ezicacileyo ezifana nemibhobho ecacileyo.

Izizinzisi ezikhokelayo:Izizinzi eziqhelekileyo zokukhokela ziquka ezi khompawundi zilandelayo: idibasic lead stearate, ihydrated tribasic lead sulfate, idibasic lead phthalate, kunye nedibasic lead phosphate.

Njengezinzisi zobushushu, iikhompawundi zelothe aziyi konakalisa iipropati zombane ezibalaseleyo, ukufunxwa kwamanzi aphantsi, kunye nokumelana nemozulu yangaphandle kwemathiriyeli yePVC. Nangona kunjalo,izinzisi ezikhokelayobabe nezinto ezingeloncedo ezifana nezi:

- Ukuba netyhefu;

- Ukungcoliswa komnqamlezo, ngakumbi ngesulfure;

- Ukuvelisa i-chloride ehamba phambili, eya kwenza imivimbo kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo;

- Umlinganiselo onzima, okhokelela kumlinganiselo onganelisiyo / umthamo wevolumu.

- Izizinzi ze-Lead zihlala zenza iimveliso ze-PVC zingabonakali ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziguqule umbala ngokukhawuleza emva kobushushu obuqhubekayo.

Phezu kwazo nje ezi zinto zingeloncedo, izixhobo zokuzinzisa ilothe zisamkelwa ngokubanzi. Ukufakwa kombane, i-lead stabilizers ikhethwayo. Ukuxhamla kwisiphumo sawo ngokubanzi, iimveliso ezininzi zePVC eziguquguqukayo neziqinileyo zibonwa njengentambo yangaphandle, iibhodi ezilukhuni zePVC, imibhobho eqinileyo, izithwathwa ezenziweyo, kunye nezitofu.

Izizinzi zetyuwa yentsimbi: Izinzisi zetyuwa zesinyithi ezixutywezizinto ezidityanisiweyo zeekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo, zidla ngokuyilwa ngokwezicelo ezithile zePVC kunye nabasebenzisi. Olu hlobo lokuzinzisa luye lwavela kokongezwa kwe-barium succinate kunye ne-cadmium palm acid kuphela ekuxubeni ngokwasemzimbeni isepha ye-barium, isepha ye-cadmium, isepha ye-zinc, kunye ne-organic phosphite, ene-antioxidants, izinyibilikisi, izandisi, iiplasticizers, colorants, i-UV absorbers, izikhanyisi. , ii-agent zokulawula i-viscosity, izithambiso, kunye neencasa ezenziweyo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela umphumo we-stabilizer yokugqibela.

I-Metal stabilizers, njenge-barium, i-calcium, kunye ne-magnesium ayikhuseli umbala wokuqala wezinto ze-PVC kodwa inokubonelela ngokuxhathisa ukushisa kwexesha elide. Imathiriyeli yePVC izinzile ngolu hlobo iqala imthubi/orenji, emva koko ijike ibe mdaka, ize ekugqibeleni ibemnyama emva kobushushu obungapheliyo.

I-Cadmium kunye ne-zinc stabilizers zaqala ukusetyenziswa ngenxa yokuba ziselubala kwaye zinokugcina umbala wokuqala weemveliso zePVC. I-thermostability yexesha elide enikezelwa yi-cadmium kunye ne-zinc stabilizers imbi kakhulu kunokuba inikezelwa yi-barium, evame ukuthotywa ngokukhawuleza ngokupheleleyo kunye nomqondiso omncinci okanye ongekho.

Ukongeza kwi-factor of metal ratio, isiphumo se-metal stabilizers sinxulumene neekhompawundi zabo zetyuwa, ezona zinto ziphambili ezichaphazela ezi mpawu zilandelayo: ukuthambisa, ukuhamba, ukucaca, ukutshintsha umbala we-pigment, kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal ye-PVC. Apha ngezantsi kukho izinzisi zentsimbi ezixutyiweyo ezininzi: 2-ethylcaproate, phenolate, benzoate, kunye ne-stearate.

Izizinzi zetyuwa zesinyithi zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimveliso ezithambileyo zePVC kunye neemveliso ezithambileyo ezicacileyo zePVC ezinjengokupakisha ukutya, izinto ezisetyenziswa zonyango, kunye nokupakishwa kwamayeza.