Ukuveliswa kwesikhumba esenziwe nge-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) yinkqubo enzima efuna uzinzo oluphezulu lobushushu kunye nokuqina kwento leyo. I-PVC yi-thermoplastic esetyenziswa kakhulu eyaziwa ngokuba namandla ayo okuguquguquka, kodwa ayizinzanga ngokwemvelo xa kushushu kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kusetyenziswe iziqinisi. Iziqinisi ze-potassium-zinc zivele njengentsha ebalulekileyo kweli candelo, zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kuneziqinisi zemveli. Ezi ziqinisi zixabiseke kakhulu kwishishini lesikhumba esenziwe nge-PVC ngenxa yeempawu zazo eziphezulu zozinzo lobushushu kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo.
Iimpawu kunye neempawu zePotassium-Zinc Stabilizers
Iziqinisi zePotassium-zinc, ezikwaziwa ngokubaIziqinisi ze-K-Zn, zizinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-potassium kunye ne-zinc compounds ezenzelwe ukuphucula uzinzo lobushushu be-PVC. Ezi zi-stabilizers zithatha indawo yezi-stabilizers ezisekelwe kwi-lead, eziye zasuswa kakhulu ngenxa yeengxaki zokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo. Iimpawu eziphambili zeizinto eziqinisa i-potassium-zincziquka ukuzinza kobushushu okugqwesileyo, ukucaca okuphuculweyo, kunye nokuhambelana okuphuculweyo neefomyula ezahlukeneyo zePVC.
*Uzinzo lweThermal:Iziqinisi zePotassium-zinc zisebenza kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukonakala kwePVC kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ngexesha lokulungiswa kwesikhumba sokwenziwa sePVC, esi sixhobo sitshiswa kakhulu, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba imixokelelwane yepolymer iqhekeke, nto leyo ekhokelela ekutshintsheni kombala, ukulahleka kweempawu zomzimba, kunye nokukhululwa kwe-hydrochloric acid (HCl). Iziqinisi zePotassium-zinc zinceda ukugcina ukuthembeka komxokelelwane wepolymer wePVC, ukuqinisekisa ukuba esi sixhobo sigcina iimpawu zaso nokuba sichaphazeleka bubushushu ixesha elide.
*Ukucaca kunye nokubamba umbala:Ezi zigcina-zinzo zinegalelo ekuvelisweni kweemveliso zePVC ezicacileyo nezikhanyayo. Zithintela ukutyheli kunye nokutshintsha kombala, ziqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zokugqibela zesikhumba esenziweyo zigcina ubuhle bazo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwimfashini nakwimizi-mveliso yeemoto, apho ukubonakala kwesikhumba esenziweyo kuyinto ebalulekileyo ekumgangatho.
*Ukhuseleko lweNdalo:Enye yeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zeziqinisi ze-potassium-zinc kukuba zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Ngokungafaniyo neziqinisi ezisekelwe kwi-lead, iziqinisi ze-potassium-zinc azikhuphi izinto ezinobuthi ngexesha lokucubungula okanye ukulahla. Oku kuzenza zibe lukhetho olukhuselekileyo kubavelisi nakubasebenzisi bokugqibela, okuhambelana nemfuno ekhulayo yezixhobo ezizinzileyo nezingenabuthi kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Iindlela zokusetyenziswa
Ukuhlanganiswa kweziqinisi ze-potassium-zinc kwiifomyula ze-PVC kubandakanya amanyathelo aliqela, ahlala esenzeka ngexesha lesigaba sokudibanisa. Ezi ziqinisi zinokufakwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuxuba okomileyo, ukukhupha, kunye nokubumba ngenaliti.
1. Ukudibanisa okomileyo:Kwi-dry blending, i-potassium-zinc stabilizers ixutywa ne-PVC resin kunye nezinye izongezo kwi-high-speed mixer. Lo mxube emva koko ufakwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye namandla okucheba ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa okufanayo kwe-PVC matrix. Le nkqubo ibalulekile ekufezekiseni uzinzo oluhambelanayo kuyo yonke ibhetshi yezinto zePVC.
2. Ukukhupha:Ngexesha lokukhupha, i-PVC edityaniswe ne-dry-blended ifakwa kwi-extruder, apho inyibilikiswa khona ize ifane. Iziqinisi ziqinisekisa ukuba izinto zePVC zihlala zizinzile kwaye aziboli phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo olubandakanyekayo ekukhupheni. I-PVC ekhutshiweyo emva koko yenziwa ibe ngamashiti okanye iifilimu, ezithi kamva zisetyenziswe ekwenzeni ulusu lokwenziwa.
3. Ukubumba ngenaliti:Kwizicelo ezifuna iimilo ezineenkcukacha kunye noyilo, kusetyenziswa i-injection molding. I-PVC compound, equlethe i-potassium-zinc stabilizers, ifakwe kwi-mold cavity apho iphola kwaye iqine ibe yimo oyifunayo. I-stabilizers idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni uzinzo lobushushu ngeli xesha lenkqubo, ithintela iziphene kwimveliso yokugqibela.
Kutheni ii-Potassium-Zinc Stabilizers zibizwa ngokuba zii-"Kickers"
Igama elithi “kicker” xa kuthethwa ngeziqinisi ze-potassium-zinc livela kubuchule bazo bokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokugaya ii-PVC plastisol ngexesha lokufudumeza. Kwimveliso yesikhumba esenziweyo se-PVC, ukufezekisa i-gelation efunekayo kunye nokudibana kwe-PVC plastisol kubalulekile. Iziqinisi ze-Potassium-zinc zisebenza njengeziqinisi ngokunciphisa amandla okusebenza afunekayo kwi-gelation, ngaloo ndlela zikhawulezisa yonke inkqubo. Olu kugaya olukhawulezileyo luluncedo kuba lukhokelela kwimijikelo yemveliso ekhawulezayo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezisebenzayo.
Iingenelo kunye nokusebenza
Iziqinisi zePotassium-zinc zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi zokusebenza kwimveliso yesikhumba esenziwe ngePVC. Ezi ziquka:
*Uzinzo oluphuculweyo lweThermal:Ezi zigcina-zinzo zibonelela ngozinzo oluphezulu lobushushu xa kuthelekiswa nezigcina-zinzo zemveli, ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zePVC zinokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu okucubungula ngaphandle kokuwohloka. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwishishini lesikhumba sokwenziwa, apho amaphepha kunye neefilimu zePVC zitshiswa ngexesha leenkqubo ezifana nokugquma kunye nokugquma.
*Umgangatho weMveliso oPhuculweyo:Ngokuthintela ukubola nokutshintsha kombala, iziqinisi ze-potassium-zinc zinceda ekuveliseni ulusu lokwenziwa lwe-PVC olusemgangathweni ophezulu oluneziphene ezimbalwa. Oku kukhokelela kwimveliso ehambelanayo nethembekileyo, ebalulekileyo ekuhlangabezaneni nemigangatho yoshishino kunye nokulindelwe ngabathengi.
*Ukuthobela iMithetho yokusingqongileyo:Ukusetyenziswa kwezithambisi ze-potassium-zinc kuhambelana neemfuno ezikhulayo zomthetho kunye nabathengi bezixhobo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Ezi zithambisi azikhuphi izinto eziyingozi, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo yokuvelisa ikhuseleke kwaye ihlale ixesha elide.
*Ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula:Ukusetyenziswa kwezithambisi ze-potassium-zinc kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula ngokunciphisa amathuba okuba kubekho iziphene ezifana neefisheyes, iijeli, kunye namabala amnyama. Oku kuphumela kwisivuno esiphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi zemveliso, okufaka isandla ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kwenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziqinisa i-potassium-zinc kwi-Isikhumba esenziwe ngokwenziwa sePVCIshishini limele inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kubuchwepheshe bokuzinzisa izinto. Ezi ziqinisi zibonelela ngozinzo olufunekayo lobushushu, ukucaca, kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo olufunekayo ukuvelisa iimveliso zesikhumba esenziwe ngobuchule obuphezulu. Njengoko ishishini liqhubeka nokubeka phambili uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko, iziqinisi ze-potassium-zinc zikulungele ukudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo lokwenziwa kwesikhumba esenziwe ngobuchule be-PVC.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-25-2024