Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wefilimu yokunciphisa i-PVC kumisela ngokuthe ngqo amandla emveliso yeshishini, iindleko, kunye nokhuphiswano lwemarike. Ukusebenza okuphantsi kukhokelela ekuchithekeni kwamandla kunye nokuhanjiswa okulibazisekileyo, ngelixa iziphene zomgangatho (ezifana nokuncipha okungalinganiyo kunye nokungafihlisi kakuhle) zibangela izikhalazo kunye neembuyekezo zabathengi. Ukufezekisa uphuculo oluphindwe kabini "lokusebenza okuphezulu + umgangatho ophezulu," kufuneka imizamo ecwangcisiweyo kwiinkalo ezine eziphambili: ulawulo lwezinto eziluhlaza, ukulungiswa kwezixhobo, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo, ukuhlolwa komgangatho. Ngezantsi kukho izisombululo ezithile nezisebenzayo:
Ulawulo Lomthombo: Khetha Izinto Ezilungileyo Zokucutha Ukunciphisa "Iingozi Zokuphinda Usebenze" Emva Kwemveliso
Izinto eziluhlaza zisisiseko somgangatho kunye nemfuneko yokusebenza kakuhle. Izinto eziluhlaza ezingaphantsi okanye ezingangqinelaniyo zibangela ukunqunyanyiswa rhoqo kwemveliso ukuze kulungiswe (umz., ukususa izithintelo, ukuphatha inkunkuma), ukunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle. Gxila kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezinto eziluhlaza:
1.I-PVC Resin: Beka phambili "iintlobo ezicocekileyo kakhulu + ezicacileyo zesicelo"
• Ukuthelekiswa kweModeli:Khetha i-resin enexabiso elifanelekileyo le-K ngokusekelwe kubukhulu befilimu yokuncitshiswa. Kwiifilimu ezincinci (0.01–0.03 mm, umz., ukupakishwa kokutya), khetha i-resin enexabiso le-K eliyi-55–60 (ukutyibilika okuhle ukuze kube lula ukukhupha). Kwiifilimu ezixineneyo (0.05 mm+, umz., ukupakishwa kwepallet), khetha i-resin enexabiso le-K eliyi-60–65 (amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokukrazuka). Oku kuthintela ukutyeba kwefilimu okungalinganiyo okubangelwa kukutyibilika kwe-resin okungahambi kakuhle.
• Ulawulo Lobumsulwa:Funa ababoneleli ukuba banike iingxelo zokucoceka kwe-resin, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo we-residual vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) ungaphantsi kwe-1 ppm kwaye umxholo wokungcola (umz., uthuli, iipolymers eziphantsi kweemolekyuli) ungaphantsi kwe-0.1%. Ukungcola kunokuvalela ii-extrusion dies kwaye kudale imingxuma ye-pinhole, nto leyo edinga ixesha elongezelelweyo lokungasebenzi ukuze kucocwe kwaye kuchaphazele ukusebenza kakuhle.
2.Izongezo: Gxila "ekusebenzeni kakuhle, ukuhambelana, kunye nokuthobela imithetho"
• Izinto zokuzinzisa:Tshintsha izinto ezigcina ityuwa yelothe ezindala (ezinobuthi kwaye zithande ukuba tyheli) ngei-calcium-zinc (Ca-Zn)Iziqinisi ezidityanisiweyo. Ezi azithobeli nje kuphela imithetho efana ne-EU REACH kunye neSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-14 saseTshayina kodwa zikwaphucula uzinzo lobushushu. Kumaqondo obushushu okukhupha izinto aphakathi kwe-170–200°C, zinciphisa ukubola kwe-PVC (ukuthintela ukuba tyheli kunye nokuqhekeka) kwaye zinciphisa amazinga enkunkuma ngaphezulu kwama-30%. Kwiimodeli ze-Ca-Zn ezine "izithambiso ezakhelwe ngaphakathi," zikwanciphisa ukungqubana koxinzelelo kwaye zonyusa isantya sokukhupha izinto azisebenziyo nge-10–15%.
• Izinto zokucoca:Beka phambili i-DOTP (dioctyl terephthalate) kune-DOP yendabuko (dioctyl phthalate). I-DOTP ihambelana ngcono ne-PVC resin, inciphisa "ii-exudates" kumphezulu wefilimu (ukuphepha ukunamathela kwe-roll kunye nokuphucula ukucaca) ngelixa iphucula ukufana kokuncipha (ukuguquguquka kwesantya sokuncipha kunokulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-±3%).
• ukupakishwa kwezinto zobuhle)• Izongezo ezisebenzayo:Kwiifilimu ezifuna ukukhanya (umz., ukupakishwa kwezinto zokuhombisa), yongeza i-0.5–1 phr ye-clarifier (umz., i-sodium benzoate). Kwiifilimu ezisetyenziswa ngaphandle (umz., ukupakishwa kwezinto zokuhombisa), ukupakishwa kwezixhobo zegadi), yongeza i-0.3–0.5 phr ye-UV absorber ukuthintela ukutyheli kwangethuba kunye nokunciphisa ukungcola kwemveliso egqityiweyo.
3.Izixhobo Ezincedisayo: Kuphephe "Ukulahlekelwa Okufihlakeleyo"
• Sebenzisa izithinathi ezicocekileyo kakhulu (umz., i-xylene) ezinomlinganiselo wokufuma <0.1%. Ukufuma kubangela amaqamza omoya ngexesha lokukhupha igesi, nto leyo edinga ixesha lokungasebenzi ukuze kukhutshwe igesi (kuchithe imizuzu eli-10–15 ngexesha ngalinye).
• Xa ulungisa umphetho wokuphinda usebenzise, qinisekisa ukuba umxholo wokungcola kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ungaphantsi kwe-0.5% (ungahluzwa ngesikrini se-100-mesh) kwaye umlinganiselo wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo awudluli kwi-20%. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezigqithisileyo zinciphisa amandla efilimu kunye nokubonakala.
Ukuphucula Izixhobo: Nciphisa "Ixesha Lokungasebenzi" kwaye Uphucule "Ukuchaneka Kokusebenza"
Eyona nto iphambili ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemveliso “kukusebenza okusebenzayo kwezixhobo”. Ulondolozo lokuthintela kunye nokuphucula oomatshini kuyafuneka ukunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi, ngelixa ukuphucula ukuchaneka kwezixhobo kuqinisekisa umgangatho.
1.Umkhuhli: Ulawulo lobushushu oluchanekileyo + Ukucoca rhoqo ngeedayi ukuze kuthintelwe "ukuvaleka nokutyheli"
• Ulawulo lobushushu oluhlukaniswe ngokwezigaba:Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zokunyibilika kwe-PVC resin, yahlula i-extruder barrel ibe zii-3-4 zobushushu: indawo yokutya (140-160°C, i-preheating resin), indawo yokucinezela (170-180°C, i-melting resin), indawo yokulinganisa (180-200°C, ukuzinzisa i-melt), kunye ne-die head (175-195°C, ukuthintela ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokuwohloka). Sebenzisa inkqubo ekrelekrele yokulawula ubushushu (umz., i-PLC + i-thermocouple) ukugcina ubushushu butshintsha ngaphakathi kwe-±2°C. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo bubangela i-PVC ibe tyheli, ngelixa ubushushu obungonelanga bukhokelela ekunyibilikeni kwe-resin okungaphelelanga kunye neziphene "ze-fish-eye" (ezifuna ixesha lokungasebenzi ukuze kulungiswe).
• Ukucoca rhoqo ngeedayi:Coca izinto ezisele zikhabhoni (iimveliso zokubola kwePVC) kwintloko yedayi rhoqo emva kweeyure ezi-8-12 (okanye ngexesha lokutshintsha kwezinto) usebenzisa ibrashi yobhedu ekhethekileyo (ukuphepha ukukrwela umlebe wedayi). Kwiindawo ezifileyo, sebenzisa isicoci se-ultrasonic (imizuzu engama-30 ngomjikelo ngamnye). Izinto ezikhabhoni zibangela amabala amnyama kwifilimu, zifuna ukuhlelwa kwenkunkuma ngesandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
2.Inkqubo Yokupholisa: Ukupholisa Okufanayo Ukuqinisekisa "Ukutyibilika Kwefilimu + Ukufana Kokuncipha"
• Ukulinganisa iRoll yokupholisa:Lungisa ukulingana kweeroli ezintathu zokupholisa inyanga nenyanga usebenzisa inqanaba lelaser (ukunyamezela <0.1 mm). Kwangaxeshanye, sebenzisa i-thermometer ye-infrared ukujonga ubushushu bomphezulu weroli (elawulwa kwi-20–25°C, umahluko wobushushu <1°C). Ubushushu boroli obungalinganiyo bubangela amazinga okupholisa efilimu angangqinelaniyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kumahluko okuncipha (umz., ukuncipha kwe-50% kwelinye icala kunye ne-60% kwelinye) kwaye kufuna ukulungiswa kwakhona kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo.
• Ukwenziwa ngcono kweRing yoMoya:Kwinkqubo yefilimu evuthuzayo (esetyenziselwa iifilimu ezincinci zokuncitshiswa), lungisa ukufana komoya weringi yomoya. Sebenzisa i-anemometer ukuqinisekisa ukuba umahluko wesantya somoya kwicala elijikelezileyo leringi yomoya yi-<0.5 m/s. Isantya somoya esingalinganiyo siyayiphazamisa iqamza lefilimu, nto leyo ebangela "ukuphambuka kobukhulu" kunye nokwanda kwenkunkuma.
3.Ukuphinda Usebenzise Ukuphinda Usebenzise Ukuphinda Usebenzise Umgca: Ukwenziwa Kwezinto Ngoomatshini Kunciphisa "Ukungenelela Ngesandla"
• I-Winder Ezenzekelayo:Tshintshela kwi-winder ene-“closed-loop tension control”. Lungisa i-wind tension ngexesha langempela (isetiwe ngokusekelwe kubukhulu befilimu: 5–8 N kwiifilimu ezincinci, 10–15 N kwiifilimu ezinkulu) ukuze uphephe “ukujijeka okukhululekileyo” (okufuna ukubuyiselwa umva ngesandla) okanye “ukujijeka okuqinileyo” (okubangela ukolulwa kwefilimu kunye nokuguquka kwayo). Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-wind kwandiswa ngama-20%.
• Ukuphinda Usebenzise Izinto Ezilahliweyo Kwangoko Kwindawo:Faka "inkqubo edibeneyo yokutyumza imiphetho ye-edge trim" ecaleni komatshini wokutyumza. Yityumze ngoko nangoko imiphetho ye-edge trim (ububanzi obuyi-5–10 mm) eyenziwe ngexesha lokutyumza kwaye uyibuyisele kwi-extruder hopper ngepayipi (ixutywe nezinto ezintsha kumlinganiselo we-1:4). Izinga lokuphinda kusetyenziswe imiphetho ye-edge trim liyanda ukusuka kwi-60% ukuya kwi-90%, nto leyo enciphisa inkunkuma yezinto eziluhlaza kwaye isuse ukulahleka kwexesha ngenxa yokuphathwa kwe-scratch ngesandla.
Ukulungiswa kweNkqubo: Coca "uLawulo lweParamitha" ukuze uphephe "iimpazamo ezidibeneyo"
Umahluko omncinci kwiiparameter zenkqubo unokukhokelela kwiinguqu ezibalulekileyo zomgangatho, nokuba usebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo kunye nezinto eziluhlaza. Phuhlisa "itheyibhile yokulinganisa iparameter" yeenkqubo ezintathu eziphambili—ukukhupha, ukupholisa, kunye nokuqhekeka—kwaye ubeke iliso kuhlengahlengiso ngexesha langempela.
1.Inkqubo yokukhupha: Ulawulo "Uxinzelelo lokunyibilika + isantya sokukhupha"
• Uxinzelelo Lokunyibilika: Sebenzisa isensa yoxinzelelo ukujonga uxinzelelo lokunyibilika kwindawo yokungena kwedayi (elawulwa kwi-15–25 MPa). Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo (30 MPa) lubangela ukuvuza kwedayi kwaye lufuna ixesha lokungasebenzi ukuze lugcinwe; uxinzelelo olunganeleyo (10 MPa) lubangela ukunyibilika okungekuhle kunye nobukhulu befilimu obungalinganiyo.
• Isantya Sokukhupha: Iseti isekelwe kubukhulu befilimu—20–25 m/min kwiifilimu ezincinci (0.02 mm) kunye ne-12–15 m/min kwiifilimu ezinkulu (0.05 mm). Kuphephe "ukunwebeka okugqithisileyo" (ukunciphisa amandla efilimu) okubangelwa yisantya esiphezulu okanye "inkunkuma yomthamo" evela kwisantya esiphantsi.
2.Inkqubo Yokupholisa: Lungisa "Ixesha Lokupholisa + Ubushushu Bomoya"
• Ixesha Lokupholisa: Lawula ixesha lokuhlala kwefilimu kwiiroli zokupholisa kwimizuzwana eyi-0.5–1 (oku kufezekiswa ngokulungisa isantya sokutsala) emva kokuphuma kwidayi. Ixesha lokuhlala elaneleyo (<0.3 seconds) likhokelela ekupholeni nasekunamatheleni kwefilimu engaphelelanga ngexesha lokujika; ixesha lokuhlala elongezelelweyo (>1.5 seconds) libangela "amabala amanzi" kumphezulu wefilimu (ukunciphisa ukukhanya).
• Ubushushu beRingi yoMoya: Kwinkqubo yefilimu evuthelweyo, seta ubushushu beringi yomoya bube yi-5–10°C ngaphezulu kobushushu bemozulu (umz., 30–35°C kwimozulu engama-25°C). Kuphephe "ukupholisa ngequbuliso" (okubangela uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi kunye nokukrazuka okulula ngexesha lokuncitshiswa) okuvela emoyeni obandayo ovuthela ngqo kwibhalbhu yefilimu.
3.Inkqubo yokusika: ngokuchanekileyo "Ukuseta ububanzi + Ulawulo loxinzelelo"
• Ububanzi bokunqumla: Sebenzisa inkqubo yesikhokelo somphetho obonakalayo ukulawula ukuchaneka kokunqumla, ukuqinisekisa ukunyamezelana kobubanzi <±0.5 mm (umz., 499.5–500.5 mm kububanzi obufunekayo ngumthengi obuyi-500 mm). Kuphephe ukubuya kwabathengi okubangelwa kukuphambuka kobubanzi.
• Uxinzelelo lokusika: Lungisa ngokusekelwe kubukhulu befilimu—3–5 N kwiifilimu ezincinci kunye ne-8–10 N kwiifilimu ezinkulu. Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lubangela ukolulwa kwefilimu kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo (ukunciphisa izinga lokuncitshiswa kwayo); uxinezeleko olunganeleyo lukhokelela kwiifilimu eziqengqelekayo (ezinokonakala ngexesha lokuthuthwa).
Uhlolo loMgangatho: "Ukubeka esweni i-intanethi ngexesha langempela + Ukuqinisekiswa kwesampuli ngaphandle kwe-intanethi" ukuze kupheliswe "ukungahambelani nemigaqo"
Ukufumanisa iziphene zomgangatho kuphela kwinqanaba lemveliso egqityiweyo kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni yimveliso epheleleyo (ukulahlekelwa kukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko). Misela "inkqubo yokuhlola inkqubo epheleleyo":
1.Uhlolo lwe-Intanethi: Nciphisa "Iziphene ezikhawulezileyo" ngexesha langempela
• Ukuhlolwa koButyebi:Faka igeyiji yobukhulu be-laser emva kwe-cooling rolls ukuze ulinganise ubukhulu befilimu rhoqo emva kwemizuzwana eyi-0.5. Misela "umda we-alamu yokuphambuka" (umz., ± 0.002 mm). Ukuba umda ugqithile, inkqubo ilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo isantya sokukhupha okanye i-die gap ukuze iphephe ukuveliswa okuqhubekayo kweemveliso ezingahambelaniyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kweNkangeleko:Sebenzisa inkqubo yokubona umatshini ukuskena umphezulu wefilimu, uchonge iziphene ezifana "namabala amnyama, imingxunya, kunye nemingxunya" (ukuchaneka kwe-0.1 mm). Inkqubo iphawula ngokuzenzekelayo iindawo neziphene kunye neealamu, ivumela abaqhubi ukuba bayeke ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza (umz., ukucoca idayisi, ukulungisa iringi yomoya) kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma.
2.Uhlolo olungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi: Qinisekisa "ukusebenza okuphambili"
Yenza isampuli yomsongo omnye ogqityiweyo rhoqo emva kweeyure ezi-2 uze uvavanye izalathisi ezintathu eziphambili:
• Izinga lokuncitshiswa:Sika iisampulu ze-10 cm × 10 cm, uzifudumeze kwi-oven ye-150°C imizuzwana engama-30, uze ulinganise ukushwabana kwicala lomatshini (MD) nakwicala elinqamlezileyo (TD). Funa ukushwabana kwe-50–70% kwi-MD kunye ne-40–60% kwi-TD. Lungisa umlinganiselo weplastiki okanye ubushushu bokuphuma ukuba ukuphambuka kudlula ±5%.
• Ukungafihlisi:Vavanya ngesixhobo sokulinganisa ubushushu, esifuna ubushushu obungaphantsi kwe-5% (kwiifilimu ezicacileyo). Ukuba ubushushu budlula umgangatho omiselweyo, jonga ubumsulwa be-resin okanye ukusasazeka kwe-stabilizer.
• Tensile strength:Vavanya ngomatshini wokuvavanya ukutsalwa, ofuna amandla okutsalwa okude ≥20 MPa kunye namandla okutsalwa okunqamlezileyo ≥18 MPa. Ukuba amandla awonelanga, lungisa ixabiso le-resin K okanye wongeze ii-antioxidants.
"Ingqiqo ehambelanayo" yokusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yefilimu yokunciphisa i-PVC kugxile "ekunciphiseni ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye nenkunkuma," efezekiswa ngokulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukulungiswa kwezixhobo, kunye nokuphucula okuzenzakalelayo. Ukuphucula amaziko omgangatho "kukulawula ukuguquguquka kunye nokuthintela iziphene," kuxhaswa kukucocwa kwenkqubo kunye nokuhlolwa kwenkqubo epheleleyo. Ezi zimbini aziphikisani: umzekelo, ukukhetha ukusebenza okuphezulu.Iziqinisi zeCa-Znkunciphisa ukuwohloka kwePVC (ukuphucula umgangatho) kwaye kwandisa isantya sokuphuma (ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle); iinkqubo zokuhlola ezikwi-intanethi zithintela iziphene (ukuqinisekisa umgangatho) kwaye ziphephe ukubola kwe-batch (ukunciphisa ilahleko yokusebenza kakuhle).
Amashishini kufuneka atshintshe ukusuka "ekwenzeni ngcono into enye" ukuya "ekuphuculeni okucwangcisiweyo," edibanisa izinto eziluhlaza, izixhobo, iinkqubo, kunye nabasebenzi kwi-closed loop. Oku kwenza ukuba kufezekiswe iinjongo ezinje "ngomthamo wemveliso ophezulu ngama-20%, izinga lokulahla inkunkuma eliphantsi ngama-30%, kunye nezinga lokubuyisa abathengi elingaphantsi kwe-1%," nto leyo ebeka umda wokhuphiswano kwimarike yefilimu ye-PVC shrink.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-05-2025