I-Polyvinyl chloride ifumana indlela yayo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo ezibumba ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla kunye nemisebenzi yemizi-mveliso. Ukususela kwiipayipi ezithwala amanzi ukuya emakhayeni ethu ukuya kwiintambo ezithumela umbane kunye nedatha, ukuguquguquka kwe-PVC akunakulinganiswa. Sekunjalo, le polymer idumileyo inesiphene esibalulekileyo: ukungazinzi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo. Xa ivezwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu afunekayo ekucutshungulweni—njengokukhupha, ukubumba ngenaliti, okanye ukulinganisa—i-PVC iqala ukubola, ikhuphe i-hydrogen chloride (HCl) eyingozi kwaye ibeke emngciphekweni ulwakhiwo lwezinto. Kulapho ke iziqinisi zingena khona, kwaye phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo, iziqinisi ze-lead bezisoloko zingundoqo kwishishini le-PVC. Iifomyula ze-PVC ezisekelwe kwi-lead zifumene indawo yazo kwiminyaka emininzi yokusebenza okuqinisekisiweyo, nangona zikwajongene nokuhlolwa okukhulayo kwixesha lokwanda kolwazi lokusingqongileyo. Kule blog, siza kujonga kwizicelo zehlabathi lokwenyani, iingenelo eziphambili, kunye nemida engenakuphepheka yezi ziqinisi, ngelixa sikwahlola indlela iinkokheli zoshishino ezihamba ngayo kwimeko eguqukayo yokuzinzisa kwe-PVC.
Ukuqonda indimaisizinzisi selotheKwinkqubo ye-PVC, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukusebenza kwazo okuphambili. Kwinqanaba elisisiseko, iziqinisi ezisekelwe kwi-lead zisebenza njengezixhobo zokucoca i-HCl ezisebenzayo. Njengoko i-PVC ibola phantsi kobushushu, iikhompawundi ze-lead kwi-stabilizer zisabela kunye ne-HCl ekhutshiweyo ukuze zenze ii-chloride ze-lead ezizinzileyo, ezinganyibilikiyo emanzini. Le mpendulo iphazamisa umjikelo wokubola ozenzekelayo, ithintela ukuwohloka okungakumbi kwekhonkco le-polymer. Okwenza iziqinisi ze-lead zahluke kwezinye iindlela ezininzi kukukwazi kwazo ukubonelela ngozinzo lobushushu bexesha elide, kungekuphela nje ukhuseleko lwexesha elifutshane ngexesha lokucubungula. Olu sebenziso luhlala luhlala lusenza sibe luncedo kakhulu kwizicelo apho iimveliso ze-PVC kulindeleke ukuba zimelane neemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo ixesha elide—ngokufuthi amashumi eminyaka. Ukongeza, iifomyula ezisekelwe kwi-lead zihlala zibonelela ngomxube olinganiselayo wokhuseleko lobushushu kunye neempawu zokuthambisa, ezenza lula ukucubungula ngokunciphisa ukungqubana phakathi kwamasuntswana e-PVC kunye naphakathi kwe-polymer enyibilikisiweyo kunye noomatshini bokucubungula. Olu sebenzi lubini luphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, luqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo kunye nexesha elincinci lokungasebenzi.
Usetyenziso olusebenzayo lwe-lead-basedIsiqinisi sePVCzisekelwe nzulu kumashishini apho ukuqina, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kungaxoxiswana ngako. Elinye lamacandelo aphambili kushishino lokwakha, apho imibhobho yePVC kunye nezixhobo zifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo. Nokuba zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngamanzi okusela, iinkqubo zogutyulo, okanye ukukhupha amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, le mibhobho kufuneka imelane nokugqwala, ukuguquguquka kobushushu, kunye noxinzelelo loomatshini kangangeminyaka emininzi. Iziqinisi zelothe zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba oku kuhlala ixesha elide; uzinzo lwazo oluhle kakhulu lobushushu oluhlala ixesha elide luthintela ukuwohloka kwemibhobho nokuba ivezwe emanzini ashushu okanye elangeni ngqo. Umzekelo, imibhobho yoxinzelelo lwePVC eqinileyo ezinzileyo ngeekhompawundi zelothe igcina ukuqina kwesakhiwo sayo kunye namandla okuthwala uxinzelelo ixesha elide kakhulu kunezo zisebenzisa iziqinisi eziqinileyo. Oku kuthenjwa yingakho iiprojekthi ezininzi zeziseko zophuhliso, ngakumbi kwimimandla eneemeko zemozulu ezinzima, bezixhomekeke kwiimibhobho yePVC ezinzileyo nge-lead.
Enye indawo ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-lead stabilizer kushishino lombane kunye ne-elektroniki, ngakumbi kwi-cable kunye ne-wire insulation. I-PVC isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo zombane zokukhusela, iintambo zonxibelelwano, kunye neentambo zombane ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle zokukhusela umbane, kodwa ezi mpawu zinokonakala ngokukhawuleza ukuba izinto azizinzanga ngokufanelekileyo. Izithambisi ezisekelwe kwi-lead zibalaseleyo apha kuba ii-chloride ze-lead ezenziwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa nazo zi-insulators zombane ezibalaseleyo, eziqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zokukhusela intambo zihlala zinjalo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukongeza, ezi zithambisi zibonelela ngokumelana okuphezulu kwemozulu, okwenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa kweentambo zangaphandle apho ukuvezwa kwimitha ye-UV, ukufuma, kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo kuqhelekile. Ukusuka kwiintambo zombane eziphezulu ukuya kwiintambo zonxibelelwano ezingaphantsi komhlaba, i-PVC insulation ezinzileyo ye-lead iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kombane okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo.I-TopJoy ChemicalIifomyula ze-stabilizer ezisekelwe kwi-lead zeentambo zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokusebenza kombane engqongqo, kunye notshintsho oluncinci lwebhetshi ukuya kwibhetshi ngenxa yeenkqubo zokuvelisa ezilawulwa yi-PLC eziphambili. Olu lungelelwaniso lubalulekile kubavelisi beentambo, abangakwaziyo ukuhlawula ukuphambuka okunokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lombane.
Iiprofayili zeefestile neengcango zimele esinye isicelo esiphambili se-PVC stabilizer esekelwe kwi-lead. Iiprofayili zePVC eziqinileyo ziyathandwa ekwakheni ngenxa yokusebenzisa amandla kakuhle, ukugcinwa okuncinci, kunye nokumelana nokubola kunye nezinambuzane. Nangona kunjalo, ezi profayili zihlala zichatshazelwa zizinto eziphilayo—ukukhanya kwelanga, imvula, ikhephu, kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu—okufuna ukuba imozulu ihlale ilungile kwaye igcine umbala. Izithambisi ze-lead zibonelela ngokumelana ne-UV okufunekayo ukuthintela ukutshintsha kombala kunye nokuqhekeka, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiprofayili zigcina ubuhle bazo kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo ubomi bonke besakhiwo. Ukongeza, iipropati zazo zokuthambisa zinceda ukukhupha iimilo zeprofayili ezintsonkothileyo ezinobukhulu obuchanekileyo, imfuneko ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukulingana ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kufakelo lweefestile neengcango. Ngelixa ezinye iindlela ezintsha zokuzinzisa zifumana ukuthandwa kweli candelo, iindlela ezisekelwe kwi-lead zisabambe indawo kwiimarike apho iindleko kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide zezona zinto ziphambili.
Iingenelo ze-PVC stabilizer esekelwe kwi-lead zidlula ukusebenza kwazo kwizicelo ezithile; zikwabonelela ngeenzuzo zoqoqosho nezokucubungula ezinomtsalane. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko mhlawumbi yeyona nzuzo ibalulekileyo. Izithambisi ezisekelwe kwi-lead zinomlinganiselo ophezulu wokusebenza-kwixabiso, zifuna iidosi eziphantsi kunezinye izithambisi ezininzi ukuze kufezekiswe inqanaba elifanayo lokhuseleko. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zezinto kubavelisi, into ebalulekileyo kumashishini axabisa kakhulu njengokwakha kunye neenkonzo. Ukongeza, ukuhambelana kwazo noluhlu olubanzi lweefomyula ze-PVC—ukusuka kwi-rigid ukuya kwi-semi-rigid ukuya kwi-flexible—kuzenza zibe sisisombululo esiguquguqukayo, kususa imfuneko yeentlobo ezininzi ze-stabilizer kwimigca eyahlukeneyo yemveliso. Oku kuguquguquka kwenza lula ulawulo lwempahla kunye neenkqubo zemveliso, kunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ngakumbi.
Enye inzuzo ephambili yesiqinisi se-lead yifestile yabo ebanzi yokucubungula. Abavelisi be-PVC badla ngokusebenza kumanqanaba obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye nesantya sokucubungula, kwaye iziqinisi ezisekelwe kwi-lead zibonelela ngokusebenza okulinganayo kuzo zonke ezi zinto ziguquguqukayo. Iimpawu zazo zokuthambisa zinciphisa ukungqubana ngexesha lokukhupha kunye nokubumba, zithintela ukwakheka kwe-die kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba umphezulu wemveliso ucocekile, ufana. Oku akuphuculi nje kuphela umgangatho wemveliso kodwa kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ngokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi lokucoca kunye nokulungisa oomatshini. Kubavelisi abasebenza ne-PVC esetyenzisiweyo,iziqinisi ezisekelwe kwilothezixabiseke kakhulu ngenxa yokukwazi kwazo ukuzinzisa imixokelelwane yepolymer eyonakeleyo edla ngokufumaneka kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Oku kuxhasa imizamo yoqoqosho olujikelezayo ngokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma yePVC, nangona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imiqathango yomthetho isasebenza kwiimveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo ezine-lead.
Nangona inendima yayo ende kunye neenzuzo ezibalulekileyo, isiqinisi se-PVC esisekelwe kwi-lead sijongene nemida engenakuphepheka, egxile kakhulu kwimpilo, kwiinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo, kunye nemigaqo eguqukayo. I-lead yintsimbi enzima enobungozi engapheliyo enokuqokelelana emzimbeni womntu nakwindalo esingqongileyo, ibeka iingozi ezinkulu kwimpilo yabasebenzi ababandakanyeka ekucutshungulweni kwe-PVC kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela ukuba iimveliso ziyaphuma kwi-lead ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le tyhefu ikhokelele kwimithetho engqongqo elawula ukusetyenziswa kweziqinisi ezisekelwe kwi-lead kwiindawo ezininzi. Imiyalelo ye-REACH kunye ne-RoHS ye-European Union, umzekelo, iyayithintela kakhulu okanye iyayithintela ukusetyenziswa kwe-lead kwiindawo ezininzi ze-PVC, ngakumbi ezo zibandakanya unxibelelwano lokutya, izixhobo zonyango, kunye neemveliso zabantwana. Imithetho efanayo iye yamkelwa eMntla Melika, eJapan, nakwezinye iimarike eziphuhlileyo, ithintela ukusetyenziswa kweziqinisi ezisekelwe kwi-lead kwezi ndawo.
Omnye umqobo yingxaki yokudaya i-sulfur. Iikhompawundi ze-lead zisabela kwizinto ezine-sulfur, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iimveliso ze-PVC zitshintshe umbala ngendlela engathandekiyo. Oku kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweziqinisi ezisekelwe kwi-lead kwiindawo apho ukuhambelana kombala kubalulekile, okanye apho iimveliso zinokudibana neendawo ezityebileyo kwi-sulfur—ezifana neendawo ezithile zoshishino okanye iindawo zangaphandle kufutshane nezityalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle. Ukongeza, iziqinisi ezisekelwe kwi-lead azifanelekanga kwiimveliso ze-PVC ezicacileyo, njengoko zithanda ukukhupha umbala okanye inkungu encinci, nto leyo ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiindawo ezifana nokupakishwa okucacileyo okanye iifilimu ezicacileyo.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeziqinisi ezisekelwe kwilothe idlulela ngaphaya kwetyhefu yazo. Ukumbiwa kunye nokulungiswa kwelothe kubiza kakhulu izixhobo kwaye konakalisa indalo, okufaka isandla ekungcolisweni komhlaba namanzi. Ukulahlwa kweemveliso zePVC ezinelothe kukwabangela imingeni, njengoko ukulahlwa okungafanelekanga kunokukhupha ilothe kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ezi nkxalabo zokusingqongileyo ziye zakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kobuchwepheshe obunye bokuzinzisa, obufanaiziqinisi ze-calcium-zinc (Ca-Zn), ezingenabungozi kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Nangona ezi ndlela zitshintshile kakhulu ekusebenzeni, zihlala ziza neendleko eziphezulu okanye iifestile zokucubungula ezincinci xa kuthelekiswa neziqinisi ezisekelwe kwilothe, ingakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna uzinzo lobushushu bexesha elide.
Kubavelisi abahamba kule ndawo inzima, ukusebenzisana nomthengisi onolwazi lokuqinisa izinto kubalulekile. Iinkampani ezifana neTopJoy Chemical ziyaziqonda iimfuno ezimbini zoshishino: ukugcina ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko ngelixa zilandela imithetho eguqukayo. Ngelixa iTopJoy Chemical yandise ipotifoliyo yayo ukuze ibandakanye iziqinisi zeCa-Zn ezisebenzayo eziphezulu ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sezisombululo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ikwaqhubeka nokubonelela ngamanqanaba okuqinisa izinto ezisekelwe kwi-lead kwimarike nakwiizicelo apho zihlala zihambelana kwaye ziyimfuneko. Ezi fomyula zisekelwe kwi-lead ziyilwe kucingelwa ukhuseleko, zifaka iifom ezingenaluthuli okanye ii-flake ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi ngexesha lokuphatha—uphuculo olubalulekileyo kuneziqinisi ze-lead ezigudileyo. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zokulawula umgangatho zeTopJoy Chemical ziqinisekisa ukuba iziqinisi zazo ezisekelwe kwi-lead zihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yoshishino yokungaguquguquki nokusebenza, zinceda abavelisi ukuba baphephe imiba yemveliso ebiza kakhulu kwaye baqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Ukujonga phambili, indima ye-PVC stabilizer esekelwe kwi-lead isenokuqhubeka incipha kwiimarike eziphuhlileyo njengoko imithetho iqina kwaye ezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe ziphucuka. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimarike ezininzi ezisakhulayo apho imithetho ingenangqongqo kangako kwaye ixabiso liphambili, i-lead stabilizers iya kuhlala iyindlela efanelekileyo kwixesha elizayo. Kwezi marike, ababoneleli abanjengoTopJoy Chemical badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ngezisombululo ezikhuselekileyo nezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezisekelwe kwi-lead ngelixa bekwafundisa abathengi malunga neenzuzo zokutshintshela kwezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo njengoko imithetho itshintsha.
Ukuqukumbela, iziqinisi zelothe bezisoloko zisebenza nzima kwishishini le-PVC kangangeminyaka emininzi, zibonelela ngozinzo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto lobushushu oluhlala ixesha elide, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nokuqhubekeka kweenkqubo kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nemibhobho yokwakha, iintambo zombane, kunye neeprofayili zeefestile. Imida yazo—egxile kwityhefu, imiqathango yokulawula, kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo—ibalulekile, kodwa ayinciphisi ukubaluleka kwazo okuqhubekayo kwiimarike ezithile. Njengoko ishishini lisiya kwiindlela ezizinzileyo, ingqwalasela itshintshela kwiindlela zobuchwepheshe ezizinzileyo, kodwa iziqinisi ezisekelwe kwilothe ziya kuhlala ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembonakalo ye-PVC kwiminyaka ezayo. Ngokusebenzisana nomthengisi onjengeTopJoy Chemical, abavelisi banokufikelela kwizisombululo ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisiswa kweemfuno zabo ezithile, nokuba oko kuthetha ukuba iifomyula ezisekelwe kwilothe ezisebenzayo kakhulu kwiimarike ezithobelayo okanye ezinye iindlela ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwimimandla enemithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo. Ekugqibeleni, injongo kukulinganisela ukusebenza, iindleko, kunye nokuzinza—umngeni ofuna ubuchule, ubugcisa, kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kweemfuno zoshishino zangoku nezexesha elizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-19-2026