IziQinisekisi zeSepha zeMetal: Lungisa iintlungu zeMveliso yePVC kunye neendleko zokuSlash

NgokubaAbavelisi bePVC, ukulinganisela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nolawulo lweendleko kudla ngokuvakala ngathi kukuhamba ngentambo eqinileyo—ingakumbi xa kuziwa kwizinzisi. Nangona izinzisi zesinyithi esinobuthi (umz., iityuwa ze-lead) zingabizi kakhulu, zibeka emngciphekweni ukuthintelwa kwemithetho kunye neziphene zomgangatho. Iindlela zeprimiyamu ezifana ne-organotin zisebenza kakuhle kodwa zichitha imali eninzi. Ngenaizinto zokuqinisa isepha yesinyithi—indawo ephakathi esombulula iingxaki eziphambili zemveliso kwaye igcina iindleko ziphantsi kolawulo.

Ezi zigcina-zimo zifumaneka kwii-fatty acids (umz., i-stearic acid) kunye neemetal ezifana ne-calcium, i-zinc, i-barium, okanye i-magnesium, ezi zigcina-zimo zinokuguquguquka, zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kwaye zenzelwe iindawo ezibuhlungu eziqhelekileyo ze-PVC. Makhe sijonge indlela ezilungisa ngayo iingxaki zemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko—ngamanyathelo anokuthi athathwe kumzi-mveliso wakho.

Inxalenye 1: Iziqinisi Zesepha Zesinyithi Zisombulula Ezi Ngxaki Zi-5 Zibalulekileyo Zemveliso

Imveliso ye-PVC iyasilela xa izinto ezizinzisayo zingakwazi ukuhambisana nobushushu obusetyenziswayo, iimfuno zokuhambelana, okanye imithetho yolawulo. Iisepha zesinyithi zijongana nale micimbi ngqo, kunye neengxube ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi ezijolise kwiindawo ezithile zentlungu.

Ingxaki 1:“I-PVC yethu inombala otyheli okanye imifantu ngexesha lokucubungula ubushushu obuphezulu“

Ukuwohloka kobushushu (ngaphezulu kwe-160°C) lolona tshaba lukhulu lwe-PVC—ingakumbi kwi-extrusion (iipayipi, iiprofayili) okanye i-calendering (isikhumba sokwenziwa, iifilimu). Izinto ezizinzisa isinyithi esinye (umz., isepha ye-zinc ecocekileyo) zihlala zishushu kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela “ukutsha kwe-zinc” (amabala amnyama) okanye ukuqhekeka.

Isisombululo: Iingxube zeSepha zeCalcium-Zinc (Ca-Zn)
Iisepha zesinyithi zeCa-Znziyindlela yegolide yokuzinza kobushushu ngaphandle kweentsimbi ezinzima. Nantsi isizathu sokuba zisebenze:

• I-calcium isebenza njenge-"heat buffer", inciphisa i-PVC dehydrochlorination (isizathu sokuba tyheli).

• I-Zinc iyayiphelisa i-hydrochloric acid (HCl) eyingozi ekhutshwa ngexesha lokufudumeza.

• Zixutywe ngokuchanekileyo, zimelana nobushushu obuyi-180–210°C kangangemizuzu engama-40 nangaphezulu—zilungele i-PVC eqinileyo (iiprofayili zeefestile) kunye ne-PVC ethambileyo (umgangatho we-vinyl).

Icebiso Elisebenzayo:Kwiinkqubo zobushushu obuphezulu (umz., ukukhupha imibhobho yePVC), yongeza i-0.5–1%i-calcium stearate+ 0.3–0.8%i-zinc stearate(ubunzima be-1–1.5% iyonke yobunzima be-resin ye-PVC). Oku kuyoyisa ukusebenza kobushushu betyuwa yelothe kwaye kuthintela ubuthi.

Ingxaki yesi-2:“I-PVC yethu ayisebenzi kakuhle—sifumana amaqamza omoya okanye ubukhulu obungalinganiyo“

I-PVC ifuna ukuhamba kakuhle ngexesha lokubumba okanye ukugquma ukuze kuthintelwe iziphene ezifana nemingxuma yentsimbi okanye i-gauge engaguqukiyo. Iziqinisi ezingabizi (umz., isepha ye-magnesium esisiseko) zihlala ziyenza ibe lukhuni inyibilike, nto leyo ephazamisa ukucutshungulwa kwayo.

Isisombululo: Iingxube zeSepha zeBarium-Zinc (Ba-Zn)
Isinyithi seBa-ZnIisepha zibalasele ekuphuculeni ukuhamba kwamanzi anyibilikayo kuba:

• I-Barium inciphisa i-melt viscosity, ivumela i-PVC ukuba isasazeke ngokulinganayo kwiimold okanye kwiikhalenda.

• I-Zinc inyusa uzinzo lobushushu, ngoko ke ukuhamba kakuhle komoya akuzisi iindleko zokuwohloka komoya.

Eyona ilungileyo:Ukusetyenziswa kwePVC ethambileyo njengeepayipi eziguquguqukayo, ubushushu bekhebula, okanye ulusu olungeyolwenziweyo. Umxube weBa-Zn (1–2% yobunzima beresin) unciphisa amaqamza omoya ngama-30–40% xa kuthelekiswa nesepha zemagnesium.

Uqhekezo lwePro:Xuba ne-wax ye-polyethylene eyi-0.2–0.5% ukuze uphucule ukuhamba kwamanzi—akukho mfuneko yezixhobo zokuguqula ukuhamba kwamanzi ezibizayo.

Ingxaki 3:“Singa'Musa ukusebenzisa i-PVC ephinde yasetyenziswa kuba izibambi ziyangqubana nezizalisi“

Iifektri ezininzi zifuna ukusebenzisa i-PVC ephinde yasetyenziswa (ukunciphisa iindleko) kodwa ziyasokola ukuhambelana: i-resin ephinde yasetyenziswa idla ngokuba nezihluzi eziseleyo (umz., i-calcium carbonate) okanye iiplastiki ezisabela kwizinzisi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amafu okanye ukuqhekeka.

Isisombululo: Iingxube zeSepha zeMagnesium-Zinc (Mg-Zn)
Iisepha zesinyithi zeMg-Zn zihambelana kakhulu nePVC esetyenzisiweyo kuba:

• I-Magnesium iyamelana neempendulo ezifakwe kwi-fillers ezifana ne-CaCO₃ okanye i-talc.

• I-Zinc ithintela ukubola kwakhona kweetyathanga ezindala ze-PVC.

Isiphumo:Ungayixuba i-PVC ephinde yasetyenziswa ngama-30–50% ibe ziibhetshi ezintsha ngaphandle kokulahleka komgangatho. Umzekelo, umenzi wemibhobho esebenzisa isepha ye-Mg-Zn wehlise iindleko ze-resin eyi-virgin ngama-22% ngelixa ehlangabezana nemigangatho yamandla e-ASTM.

Ingxaki 4:“Iimveliso zethu zePVC zangaphandle ziyaqhekeka okanye ziphele kwiinyanga ezi-6“

I-PVC esetyenziselwa iipayipi zegadi, ifenitshala yangaphandle, okanye i-siding ifuna ukumelana ne-UV kunye nemozulu. Iziqinisi eziqhelekileyo ziyawohloka xa ilanga likhanya, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwaluphaleni kwangethuba.

Isisombululo: Iinhlanganisela zeSoap yeCalcium-Zinc + Rare Earth Metal
Yongeza i-0.3–0.6% ye-lanthanum okanye i-cerium stearate (isepha zesinyithi ezingaqhelekanga) kumxube wakho we-Ca-Zn. Ezi zilandelayo:

• Funxa imitha ye-UV ngaphambi kokuba yonakalise iimolekyuli zePVC.

• Yandisa ubomi bokuphila ngaphandle ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3 nangaphezulu.

Ukuphumelela kweendleko:Iisepha zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga zibiza kancinci kunezifunxi ze-UV ezikhethekileyo (umz., ii-benzophenones) ngelixa zisebenza ngendlela efanayo.

Ingxaki 5:“Saliwe ngabathengi be-EU ngenxa yeempawu ze-lead/cadmium“

Imithetho yehlabathi (REACH, RoHS, California Prop 65) iyayithintela i-PVC kwiintsimbi ezinzima. Ukutshintshela kwi-organotin kuyabiza, kodwa isepha zesinyithi zibonelela ngenye indlela ehambelanayo.

Isisombululo: Zonke iiNxube zeSepha zeSinyithi (Akukho ziNsimbi zinzima)

•I-Ca-Zn, I-Ba-ZnkunyeIisepha zeMg-Znazinalo i-lead/cadmium ngokupheleleyo.

• Ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ye-REACH Annex XVII kunye ne-US CPSC—ebaluleke kakhulu kwiimarike zokuthumela ngaphandle.

Ubungqina:Umenzi weefilimu zePVC waseTshayina utshintshele kwiityuwa ze-lead waya kwiisepha zeCa-Zn waza wafumana ukufikelela kwimarike ye-EU kwiinyanga ezi-3, enyusa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nge-18%.

Icandelo lesi-2: Indlela Izinzisi Zesepha Zesinyithi Ezinciphisa Ngayo Iindleko (Amaqhinga Amathathu Anokusebenziseka)

Izibambisi-ndlela zihlala zenza i-1–3% yeendleko zemveliso ye-PVC—kodwa ukhetho olubi lunokuphinda kabini iindleko ngenkunkuma, ukulungiswa ngokutsha, okanye izigwebo. Iisepha zesinyithi ziphucula iindleko ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili:

1Iindleko zeSlash Raw Material (Ixabiso eliphantsi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% kuneOrganotin)

• Iziqinisi ze-Organotin zibiza i-$8–$12/kg; isepha zesinyithi ze-Ca-Zn zibiza i-$4–$6/kg.

• Kwifektri evelisa iitoni ezili-10,000 zePVC ngonyaka, ukutshintshela kwiCa-Zn konga ~$40,000–$60,000 ngonyaka.

• Icebiso: Sebenzisa isepha zesinyithi “ezixutywe kwangaphambili” (abathengisi baxuba i-Ca-Zn/Ba-Zn kwinkqubo yakho ethile) ukuze uphephe ukuthenga ngokugqithisileyo iziqinisi ezininzi zecandelo elinye.

2. Nciphisa Amaxabiso Ezilahlwayo nge-15–25%

Uzinzo olungcono lobushushu kunye nokuhambelana okungcono kweesepha zesinyithi kuthetha ukuba zimbalwa iibhetshi ezineziphene. Umzekelo:

• Umzi-mveliso wepayipi yePVC osebenzisa isepha yeBa-Zn esikiweyo ukusuka kwi-12% ukuya kwi-7% (ukonga ~$25,000 ngonyaka kwi-resin).

• Umenzi womgangatho we-vinyl osebenzisa isepha ye-Ca-Zn ususa iziphene "zomphetho otyheli", nto leyo enciphisa ixesha lokuphinda usebenze ngama-20%.

Indlela Yokulinganisa:Landelela amaxabiso enkunkuma inyanga e-1 usebenzisa isiqinisi sakho sangoku, uze uvavanye umxube wesepha yesinyithi—uninzi lweefektri lubona uphuculo kwiiveki ezimbini.

3. Lungiselela iDosage (Sebenzisa Kancinci, Fumana Okungakumbi)

Iisepha zesinyithi zisebenza kakuhle kuneziqinisi zemveli, ngoko ungasebenzisa izixa ezincinci:

• Iityuwa ze-lead zifuna ubunzima be-resin obuyi-2–3%; imixube ye-Ca-Zn ifuna kuphela i-1–1.5%.

• Kwimisebenzi yeetoni ezingama-5,000 ngonyaka, oku kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-stabilizer ngeetoni ezi-5–7.5 ngonyaka ($20,000–37,500 kwimali egciniweyo).

Iqhinga lovavanyo lweDosage:Qala ngesepha yesinyithi eyi-1%, uze unyuke nge-0.2% ude ufikelele kumgomo wakho womgangatho (umz., akukho tyheli emva kwemizuzu engama-30 kwi-190°C).

Icandelo lesi-3: Indlela yokukhetha i-Metal Seap Stabilizer efanelekileyo (Isikhokelo esikhawulezileyo)

Ayizizo zonke iisepha zesinyithi ezilinganayo—dibanisa umxube nohlobo lwakho lwePVC kunye nenkqubo:

Icebiso lokugqibela: Sebenzisana noMboneleli wakho ukuze ufumane imixube eyenziwe ngokwezifiso

Impazamo enkulu eyenziwa ziifektri kukusebenzisa isepha zesinyithi "ezifanelana nobukhulu obunye". Cela umthengisi wakho we-stabilizer ukuba akunike:

• Umxube olungiselelwe ubushushu bakho bokucubungula (umz., i-zinc ephezulu kwi-200°C extrusion).

• Izatifikethi zokuthobela imithetho zeqela lesithathu (SGS/Intertek) ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi zomthetho.

• Iibhetshi zeesampulu (50–100kg) zokuvavanya ngaphambi kokuba zinyuswe.

Iziqinisi zesepha zesinyithi azikho nje "ukhetho oluphakathi" - zisisombululo esikrelekrele kubavelisi bePVC abadiniweyo kukukhetha phakathi komgangatho, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nexabiso. Ngokudibanisa umxube ofanelekileyo nenkqubo yakho, uya kunciphisa inkunkuma, uphephe iindleko, kwaye ugcine imida isempilweni.

Ngaba ukulungele ukuvavanya umxube wesepha yesinyithi? Bhala izimvo zakho ngesicelo sakho sePVC (umz., “i-rigid pipe extrusion”) kwaye siza kwabelana ngefomyula ecetyiswayo!

Le bhlog inika iintlobo ezithile zesepha yesinyithi, iindlela zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, kunye nedatha yokonga iindleko zabavelisi bePVC. Ukuba ufuna ukulungisa umxholo wesicelo esithile sePVC (njengesikhumba sokwenziwa okanye imibhobho) okanye wongeze ezinye iinkcukacha zobugcisa, zive ukhululekile ukundazisa.