Kwihlabathi lokucubungula i-polymer, zimbalwa izongezo ezisebenza ngokuthula kodwa ngempumelelo njengeziqinisi zesepha zesinyithi. Ezi zikhompawundi ziguquguqukayo ziyintsika yozinzo lwe-PVC (polyvinyl chloride), ziqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ukusuka kwiipayipi eziqinileyo ukuya kwiifilimu eziguquguqukayo igcina ukuthembeka kwayo phantsi kobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nexesha. Kubavelisi kunye neenjineli abajongana neemfuno zemveliso ye-PVC yanamhlanje, ukuqonda usetyenziso lwabo akupheleli nje kubuchwephesha—kubalulekile ekunikezeni iimveliso ezihlala ixesha elide nezisemgangathweni ophezulu.
Zithini Izinto Ezigcina Isepha Yesinyithi?
Iziqinisi zesepha zesinyithiziikhompawundi ze-organometallic ezenziwe ngokuphendula ii-fatty acids (ezifana ne-stearic okanye i-lauric acid) kunye nee-metal oxides okanye ii-hydroxides. Iimetal eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-calcium, i-zinc, i-barium, i-cadmium (nangona incitshiswa kancinci ngenxa yezizathu zokusingqongileyo), kunye ne-magnesium. Umlingo wazo ukwindawo yokulinganisa iindima ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: ukuzinzisa i-PVC ngexesha lokucubungula ubushushu obuphezulu (ukukhupha, ukubumba inaliti) kunye nokuyikhusela ekuwohlokeni kwexesha elide kwiindawo zokusetyenziswa.
Kutheni i-PVC Can'Phumelela Ngaphandle Kwabo
I-PVC yinto esebenzayo, kodwa inesithende sika-Achilles: ukungazinzi kobushushu. Xa ishushu ngaphezu kwe-160°C (ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokucubungula), iintambo ze-polymer ze-PVC ziyaqhekeka, zikhuphe i-hydrochloric acid (HCl) kwi-reaction ezikhawulezisayo. Olu "dehydrochlorination" lukhokelela ekutshintsheni kombala, ukuqhekeka, kunye nokulahlekelwa ngamandla oomatshini—iziphene ezibulalayo kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nemibhobho yamanzi okanye iityhubhu zonyango.
Iziqinisi zesepha zesinyithi ziphazamisa lo mjikelo ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili:
Ukuhluza nge-HCl: Ziyayinciphisa i-HCl molecules eziyingozi, zize zithintele ekubangeleni ukuwohloka okungakumbi.
Ukutshintshwa kwe-Ion: Zithatha indawo yeeathom zekhlorine ezingazinzanga kwikhonkco lepolymer ngamaqela e-metal carboxylate azinzileyo, nto leyo ecothisa ukuqhekeka.
Inkxaso ye-Antioxidant: Iifomyula ezininzi zisebenza ngokubambisana nee-antioxidants ukucima ii-free radicals, ezibangelwa bubushushu kunye nokuvezwa yi-UV.
Izicelo eziphambili kwiMveliso yePVC
Iziqinisi zesepha zesinyithi zikhanya kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zePVC, nganye ifuna ukusebenza okulungiselelwe wena:
Iingenelo Ezikhuthaza Ukwamkelwa
Yintoni eyenza iziqinisi zesepha zesinyithi zibe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekucutshungulweni kwePVC? Iingenelo zazo ezikhethekileyo:
IbanziUkuhambelanaZisebenza kakuhle ngeeplastiki, ii-lubricants, kunye nee-fillers (umz.,i-calcium carbonate), ukwenza lula ukwenziwa kwefomyula.
Ukusebenza OkulungiselelweyoNgokulungisa iireyithi zesinyithi (umz., eziphezuluizinkiukuze kube lula ukuguquguquka, i-calcium engaphezulu ukuze kube nokuqina), abavelisi banokulungisa uzinzo ngokweemfuno ezithile.
Ukuthotyelwa kweMithetho: I-calcium-zinciinkqubo zihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yehlabathi yokunxibelelana kokutya, amanzi okusela, kunye netyhefu ephantsi—ibalulekile ekuthembekeni kwabathengi.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko: Zibonelela ngozinzo oluqinileyo ngexabiso eliphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ezifana nee-organotins, nto leyo ezenza zibe zilungele imveliso enomthamo omkhulu.
Ikamva: Uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle
Njengoko eli shishini litshintshela ekuzinzeni, izinto zokuqinisa isepha zesinyithi nazo ziyatshintsha. Iifomyula zeCalcium-zinc, ngakumbi, zithatha indawo yezinto zokuqinisa zemveli ezisekelwe kwisinyithi esinzima (ezifanailotheokanye i-cadmium) ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neenjongo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Utshintsho olwenziwe kwiisepha zesinyithi “eziluhlaza”—kusetyenziswa ii-asidi zamafutha ezivuselelekayo okanye izinto ezibolayo—lunciphisa ngakumbi umngcipheko wazo kokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza.
Ngamafutshane, iziqinisi zesepha yesinyithi zingaphezulu nje kwezongezo—zizinto ezincedayo. Ziguqula amandla e-PVC abe kukuthembeka, ziqinisekisa ukuba imibhobho, iiprofayili, kunye neefilimu esixhomekeke kuzo zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo, ngokukhuselekileyo, nangokuhlala ixesha elide. Kubavelisi abajonge ukuhlala phambili kwimarike ekhuphisanayo, ukukhetha isiqinisi sesepha yesinyithi esifanelekileyo akusosigqibo sobuchwephesha nje kuphela—sisibophelelo somgangatho.
Ngaba ukulungele ukuphucula iifomyula zakho ze-PVC? Makhe sidibane ukuze sihlolisise indlela izisombululo zesinyithi ezilungiselelweyo zokuqinisa isepha ezinokuphakamisa ngayo iimveliso zakho.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-25-2025