Isikhumba esenziwe ngePVC (PVC-AL) sihlala siyinto ebalaseleyo kwizakhiwo zangaphakathi zeemoto, kwimpahla yokuhombisa, nakwimpahla yemizi-mveliso ngenxa yokulinganisela kwayo iindleko, ukucutshungulwa kwayo, kunye nokuguquguquka kobuhle. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa ijongene nemingeni yobuchwephesha ebangelwa ziimpawu zeekhemikhali zepolymer—imingeni echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwemveliso, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Ukuwohloka kobushushu: Umqobo osisiseko wokucubungula
Ukungazinzi okuqhelekileyo kwe-PVC kumaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo okucubungula (160–200°C) kuyimbangela ephambili yengxaki. I-polymer idlula kwi-dehydrochlorination (HCl emission) nge-self-catalyzed chain reaction, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimiba emithathu yokuqhekeka:
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo:I-HCl ekhutshiweyo idla izixhobo zesinyithi (ii-calendars, ii-coating dies) kwaye ibangela i-gelation ye-matrix ye-PVC, nto leyo ebangela iziphene zebhetshi ezifana nama-surface blisters okanye ubukhulu obungalinganiyo.
• Ukutshintsha kombala wemveliso:Ulandelelwano lwe-polyene oludibeneyo olwenziwe ngexesha lokuwohloka lunika umbala otyheli okanye omdaka, olungaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho eqinileyo yokungaguquguquki kombala kwizicelo eziphezulu.
• Ukulahleka kwepropathi yoomatshini:Ukusikwa kwetyathanga kwenza buthathaka inethiwekhi yepolymer, kunciphisa amandla okutsalwa kwesikhumba esigqityiweyo kunye nokumelana nokukrazuka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% kwiimeko ezinzima.
Uxinzelelo lokuThotyelwa kweMithetho yoBume beNdalo kunye neMithetho
Imveliso yesiqhelo ye-PVC-AL ijongene nokuhlolwa okwandayo phantsi kwemithetho yehlabathi (umz., i-EU REACH, imigangatho ye-US EPA VOC):
• Ukukhutshwa kwe-Volatile organic compound (VOC):Ukuwohloka kobushushu kunye nokufakelwa kweplastiki esekwe kwisinyibilikisi kukhupha ii-VOC (umz., ii-phthalate derivatives) ezidlula umda wokukhutshwa.
• Iintsalela zesinyithi esinzima:Iinkqubo zozinziso zeligi (umz., i-lead, esekelwe kwi-cadmium) zishiya ungcoliseko oluncinci, nto leyo ethintela iimveliso ukuba zingangeni kwiziqinisekiso ze-eco-label (umz., i-OEKO-TEX® 100).
• Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ekupheleni kobomi:I-PVC engazinzileyo yonakala ngakumbi ngexesha lokuphinda isetyenziswe ngoomatshini, ivelisa i-leachate enobuthi kwaye inciphisa umgangatho we-feedstock ephinda isetyenziswe.
Ukungahlali ixesha elide phantsi kweemeko zenkonzo
Kwanasemva kokuveliswa, i-PVC-AL engazinzileyo ikhula ngokukhawuleza:
• Ukonakala okubangelwa yi-UV:Ukukhanya kwelanga kubangela i-photo-oxidation, kuphule imixokelelwane ye-polymer kwaye kubangele ukubuthathaka—okubaluleke kakhulu kwimpahla yemoto okanye yangaphandle.
• Ukufuduka kwe-plasticizer:Ngaphandle kokuqinisa i-matrix okuqiniswa yi-stabilizer, ii-plasticizers ziyaphuma ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqineni nasekuqhekekeni.
Indima Yokunciphisa Ii-PVC Stabilizers: Iindlela kunye neXabiso
Iziqinisi ze-PVC zijongana nale ngongoma yentlungu ngokujolisa iindlela zokuwohloka kwinqanaba le-molecular, kunye neefomyula zanamhlanje ezahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezisebenzayo:
▼ Iziqinisi zobushushu
Ezi zisebenza njengabathuthi be-HCl kunye nabaphelisi beetyathanga:
• Ziyayinciphisa i-HCl ekhutshiweyo (ngokusebenzisa isepha zesinyithi okanye ii-ligands zendalo) ukuze ziyeke ukuhlaziya ngokuzenzekelayo, zandise ukuzinza kwefestile ngemizuzu engama-20-40.
• Izinto ezizinzisa izinto eziphilayo (umz. ii-phenols ezithintelweyo) zibamba ii-free radicals eziveliswa ngexesha lokuwohloka, zigcina ukuthembeka kwe-molecular chain kwaye zithintela ukutshintsha kombala.
▼ Izibambisi-zibane
Zidibene neenkqubo zobushushu, zifunxa okanye zikhuphe amandla e-UV:
• Izifunxi ze-UV (umz. ii-benzophenones) ziguqula imitha ye-UV ibe bubushushu obungenabungozi, ngelixa iziqinisi zokukhanya ze-amine ezithintelweyo (ii-HALS) ziphinda zivelise amacandelo e-polymer awonakeleyo, ziphinda kabini ubomi benkonzo yangaphandle yesixhobo.
▼ Iifomyula Ezinobuhlobo Nokusingqongileyo
Iziqinisi ezidityanisiweyo zeCalcium-zinc (Ca-Zn)zithathe indawo yeenguqulelo zesinyithi esinzima, zihlangabezana neemfuno zomthetho ngelixa zigcina ukusebenza kakuhle. Zikwanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-VOC nge-15–25% ngokunciphisa ukonakala kobushushu ngexesha lokucubungula.
Izinzisi njengeSisombululo esiSiseko
Iziqinisi ze-PVC azizongezo nje kuphela—zivumela imveliso ye-PVC-AL esebenzayo. Ngokunciphisa ukuwohloka kobushushu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye nokuphucula ukuqina, zisombulula iziphene zangaphakathi zepolymer. Oko kuthethiweyo, azinakujongana nayo yonke imingeni yoshishino: ukuqhubela phambili kwi-plasticizers ezisekelwe kwi-bio kunye nokuhlaziywa kweekhemikhali kusafuneka ukuze kuhambelane ngokupheleleyo neenjongo zoqoqosho olujikelezayo. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, iinkqubo zokuqinisi ezilungisiweyo zezona ndlela zivuthiweyo kwezobuchwepheshe kwaye zingabizi kakhulu ukuya kwisikhumba esenziweyo se-PVC esisemgangathweni ophezulu, esihambelanayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-12-2025