Isikhumba sokwenziwa esekwe kwi-PVC (PVC-AL) sihlala sisona sixhobo siphambili kwizinto zangaphakathi zeemoto, i-upholstery, kunye nempahla yamashishini ngenxa yokulinganisela kweendleko, ukuqhubekeka, kunye nokuguquguquka kobuhle. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa ikhathazwa yimiceli mngeni yobugcisa yangaphakathi emiliselwe kwiipropathi zemichiza yepolymer-imingeni echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwemveliso, ukuthotyelwa kolawulo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Ukuthotywa kweThermal: Isithintelo esiSiseko sokuLungiselela
Ukungazinzi kwePVC ngokwendalo kumaqondo obushushu obuqhelekileyo (160–200°C) kubangela umqobo ophambili. I-polymer idlula kwi-dehydrochlorination (i-HCl ukupheliswa) ngokusabela kwe-self-catalyzed chain reaction, ekhokelela kwimiba emithathu ye-cascading:
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo:Ikhutshiwe i-HCl igrulisa izixhobo zentsimbi (iikhalenda, ukutyabeka kuyafa) kwaye kubangela i-gelation ye-PVC matrix, ekhokelela kwiziphene zebhetshi njengamadyunguza angaphezulu okanye ubukhulu obungalinganiyo.
• Ukutshintsha umbala kwemveliso:Ulandelelwano lwe-polyene oludityanisiweyo olwenziwe ngexesha lokuthotywa lunika umthubi okanye ube mdaka, kusilela ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokuhambelana kombala kwizicelo eziphezulu.
• Ilahleko yepropathi yoomatshini:Ikhonkco lekhonkco lenza buthathaka inethiwekhi yepolymer, inciphisa ukomelela kolusu olugqityiweyo kunye nokumelana nokukrazuka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% kwiimeko ezinzima.
Uxinzelelo lokuThobela iNdalo kunye noLawulo
Imveliso yesiNtu yePVC-AL ijongene nokuphononongwa okukhulayo phantsi kwemimiselo yehlabathi (umzekelo, i-EU REACH, imigangatho ye-US EPA VOC):
• Izinto ezikhutshwayo ze-organic organic compound (VOC):Ukonakaliswa kobushushu kunye nokufakwa kweplastiizer esekwe kwi-solvent-based ekhupha ii-VOCs (umzekelo, izinto eziphuma kwiphthalate) ezidlula imida yokuphuma.
• Iintsalela zentsimbi enzima:Iinkqubo zelifa lokuzinzisa (umzekelo, ilothe, esekwe kwi-cadmium) zishiya umkhondo wongcoliseko, iimveliso ezingafanelekiyo kwizatifiketi ze-eco-label (umz., OEKO-TEX® 100).
• Ukuphela kobomi bokurisayikilisha:I-PVC engazinziswanga yonakala ngakumbi ngexesha lokurisayikilishwa kwakhona koomatshini, ivelisa inkunkuma eyityhefu kunye nokunciphisa umgangatho wesondlo esiphinda sisetyenziswe.
Ukuqina Okumandundu phantsi kweeMeko zeNkonzo
Nokuba emva kokuveliswa, i-PVC-AL engazinzanga inengxaki yokuguga okukhawulezileyo:
• Ukuthotywa okubangelwa yi-UV:Ukukhanya kwelanga kubangela i-photo-oxidation, ukuqhawula amatyathanga e-polymer kwaye kubangele u-brittleness-ibaluleke kakhulu kwiimoto okanye kwi-upholstery yangaphandle.
• Ukufuduka kwePlastiki:Ngaphandle kokuqiniswa kwe-matrix ene-stabilizer-mediated, iiplastiki zihamba ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezikhokelela ekubeni lukhuni kunye nokuqhekeka.
Indima eNcincisayo yePVC Izinzisi: Iinkqubo kunye neXabiso
I-PVC stabilizers ijongana nala manqaku entlungu ngokujolisa kwiindlela zokuthotywa kwinqanaba le-molecular, kunye neendlela zanamhlanje ezahlulahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezisebenzayo:
▼ Izizinzi zeThermal
Ezi zisebenza njenge-HCl scavenger kunye ne-chain terminators:
• Banciphisa i-HCl ekhutshiweyo (ngokusabela ngeesepha zentsimbi okanye iiligands eziphilayo) ukumisa i-autocatalysis, ukwandisa ukuzinza kwefestile nge-20-40 imizuzu.
• Izizinzi ze-organic co-stabilizer (umzekelo, i-hindered phenols) zibamba iiradicals zasimahla ezenziwe ngexesha lokuthotywa, zigcina imfezeko yetsheyina lemolekyuli kunye nokuthintela ukujika kombala.
▼ Izizinzisi zokukhanya
Idityaniswe neenkqubo ezishushu, zifunxa okanye zichithe amandla e-UV:
• Izithambisi ze-UV (umzekelo, ii-benzophenones) ziguqula imitha ye-UV ibe bubushushu obungenabungozi, ngelixa izithinteli zokuzinzisa ukukhanya kwe-amine (HALS) ziphinda zivelise amacandelo epholima eyonakeleyo, iphinda kabini ubomi benkonzo yangaphandle yemathiriyeli.
▼ Iifomyulwa ezilungele i-Eco-Friendly
I-Calcium-zinc (Ca-Zn) i-composite stabilizersziye zatshintsha iinguqu zentsimbi enzima, zihlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo ngelixa zigcina ukusebenza. Bakwanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-VOC nge-15-25% ngokunciphisa ukuthotywa kwe-thermal ngexesha lokucubungula.
Izinzisi njengeSisombululo seSiseko
I-PVC stabilizers ayizongezo nje kuphela-zivumela imveliso ye-PVC-AL esebenzayo. Ngokunciphisa ukuthotywa kwe-thermal, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kolawulo, kunye nokuphucula ukuqina, basombulula iziphene ze-polymer zangaphakathi. Oko kwathiwa, abanako ukujongana nayo yonke imingeni yoshishino: ukuqhubela phambili kwiiplastiki ze-bio-based kunye nokuhlaziywa kweekhemikhali kuhlala kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa ngokupheleleyo i-PVC-AL kunye neenjongo zoqoqosho ezijikelezayo. Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zokuzinzisa eziphuculweyo zezona zivuthiweyo kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu, othobelayo wesikhumba sokwenziwa sePVC.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-12-2025