Izixhobo zombhobho zePVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) zifumaneka kakhulu kwiziseko zophuhliso zanamhlanje, kuquka imibhobho, imibhobho yamanzi, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi, kunye nokuthuthwa kolwelo kwimizi-mveliso. Ukuthandwa kwazo kuvela kwiingenelo ezisisiseko: ukumelana neekhemikhali, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo. Nangona kunjalo, ulwakhiwo lweemolekyuli zePVC—eziphawulwa ziiyunithi ze-vinyl chloride eziphindaphindayo—zenza ukuba zibe sesichengeni sokuwohloka phantsi koxinzelelo lobushushu, lwe-oxidative, kunye nolwe-UV. Kulapho ke aphoIziqinisi zePVCzidlala indima ebalulekileyo: zinciphisa ukuwohloka, ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zemibhobho zigcina ukuthembeka koomatshini kunye nokusebenza ubomi bazo bonke. Apha ngezantsi kukho uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwezicelo zazo, iindlela, kunye nemigaqo yokukhetha kwiinkqubo zemibhobho yePVC.
1. KutheniYenza i-PVCIzixhobo zokufaka iipayipi zifuna iziQinisekisi
I-PVC ilahlekelwa ngamandla xa ichaphazeleka kubushushu obuphezulu (okuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zokubumba okanye zokujova) okanye uxinzelelo olude lokusingqongileyo (umz., ukukhanya kwelanga, ukufuma, okanye ukuvezwa ngamakhemikhali). Indlela ephambili yokubola yi-dehydrochlorination: ubushushu okanye amandla e-UV aphula iibhondi ze-C-Cl ezibuthathaka, akhuphe i-hydrochloric acid (HCl) aze aqalise ukusabela kwetyathanga okukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwetyathanga le-polymer. Oku kubonakala ngolu hlobo:
• Ukutshintsha kombala (ukuba tyheli okanye ukuba mdaka)
• Ukulahlekelwa ngamandla okungqubana kunye nokuguquguquka
• Ukuqhekeka okanye ukuqhekeka, okuphazamisa ukumelana nokuvuza
• Ungcoliseko lolwelo oluthuthwayo (olubalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zamanzi okusela)
Izibambisi-ndlela ziyayiphazamisa le nkqubo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwemibhobho yePVC.
2. Iindlela ze-PVC Stabilizers kwiPipe Fittings
Izinzisi zisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi zokunxibelelana ukukhusela i-PVC:
•Ukuhluza i-HCl:Nciphisa i-hydrochloric acid ekhutshiweyo, ukuthintela ukuba ingaqhubeki nokuwohloka kwayo.
•Ukuthintelwa Okukhulu Kwasimahla:Ukuphelisa iintshukumo zetsheyini eziqalwa bubushushu okanye ii-free radicals eziveliswa yi-UV.
•Ukuhluthwa kwee-ion zesinyithi:Bopha ukungcola kwesinyithi okuncinci (umz., isinyithi, ubhedu) okukhawulezisa ukubola.
•UVUkukhusela:Ukubonakalisa okanye ukufunxa imitha ye-UV, ebaluleke kakhulu kwiipayipi zangaphandle (umz., ukukhupha amanzi ngaphezulu komhlaba).
•Uncedo lokuthambisa:Ezinye izinto ezizinzisayo (umz., izinto ezizinzisayo ze-UV), i-calcium stearate zinciphisa ukungqubana ngexesha lokucubungula, zithintela ukugqithisa kakhulu.
3. Iintlobo zeZiqinisi ezisetyenziswa kwiZilinganisi zePipe zePVC
Ukukhethwa kwesiqinisi kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokucubungula, iimfuno zokusetyenziswa kokugqibela, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
4. Iikhrayitheriya zoKhetho oluBalulekileyo lweZixhobo zoMbhobho
Xa kucaciswa izinto zokuqinisa imibhobho yePVC, abavelisi kufuneka baqwalasele oku kulandelayo:
•Iiparameters zokucubungula:Amaqondo obushushu okukhupha/ukubumba (160–200°C kwimibhobho) kunye namaxesha okuhlala alawula uzinzo lobushushu olufunekayo. Iinkqubo zobushushu obuphezulu (umz., imibhobho yamanzi ashushu) zifuna iziqinisi ezinokumelana nobushushu okuqinileyo (umz., i-organotin).
•Indawo yokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo:Imibhobho yamanzi okusela ifuna isiqinisekiso se-NSF/ANSI 61 okanye i-WRAS, nto leyo evumela ukubaI-Ca-Znokanye iziqinisi ze-organotin. Imibhobho yangaphandle ifuna iziqinisi ze-UV umz., iziqinisi ze-amine ezithintelweyo (HALS).
•Ukuthobela iMithetho:Imiqathango yehlabathi jikelele kwiintsimbi ezinzima (Pb, Cd) ityhala eli shishini kwiindlela ezingasetyenziswayo nezingangcolisiyo (i-Ca-Zn, iziqinisi ezisekelwe kwi-organic).
•Ixabiso vs. Ukusebenza:Nangona izinto ezizinzisa i-lead zingabizi kakhulu, iindleko zexesha elide (umz., izohlwayo zomthetho, imingeni yokuphinda kusetyenziswe) zivumela iindlela ezizinzileyo.
5. Iindlela Ezivelayo Zobuchwepheshe Bokuzinzisa
Njengoko imithetho yokusingqongileyo iqina kwaye uzinzo lufumana indawo ephambili, ishishini leepayipi zePVC liyatshintsha liye ku:
•Iinkqubo ze-Ca-Zn ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu:Iphuculwe ngee-co-stabilizers (umz., ii-polyols, ii-zeolites) ukuze ihambelane nokusebenza kobushushu kwezinye iindlela ezisekelwe kwi-lead.
•Izinto Ezizinzisa Izinto Ezininzi:Ukudibanisa uzinzo lobushushu, ukumelana ne-UV, kunye nokuthambisa kwisongezelelo esinye ukuze kube lula ukwenza iifomyula.
•Izinto zokuzinzisa ezisekelwe kwi-Bio:Ivela kwizixhobo ezivuselelekayo (umz., ii-esters ezisekelwe kwizityalo), ezihambelana neenjongo zoqoqosho olujikelezayo.
Iziqinisi zePVCzisisiseko ekusebenzeni nasekuhlaleni ixesha elide kwee-PVC pipe fittings, nto leyo evumela ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuthembekileyo kuzo zonke iziseko ezibalulekileyo. Ukususela ekuthinteleni ukuwohloka ngexesha lokuvelisa ukuya ekuqinisekiseni amashumi eminyaka eenkonzo kwiindawo ezinzima, indima yazo ayinakutshintshwa. Njengoko ishishini likhula, ukugxila kwizinto ezigcina ubuthi obuphantsi, ezisebenza kakuhle—ingakumbi i-calcium-zinc complexes—kuya kuqhuba ubuchule, ukulinganisela ukusebenza kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Kwiinjineli kunye nabavelisi, ukukhetha isizinzisi esifanelekileyo asikokukhetha nje ubuchwephesha kodwa kukuzibophelela ekuqineni, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-02-2025