Zithini ii-PVC Stabilizers

Iziqinisi zePVCzezongezo ezisetyenziselwa ukuphucula uzinzo lobushushu be-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) kunye nee-copolymers zayo. Kwiiplastiki ze-PVC, ukuba ubushushu bokucubungula budlula i-160℃, kuya kubakho ukubola kobushushu kwaye kuza kuveliswa igesi ye-HCl. Ukuba ayicinezelwanga, oku kubola kobushushu kuya kuba mandundu ngakumbi, okuchaphazela uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ze-PVC.

Izifundo zifumanise ukuba ukuba iiplastiki zePVC ziqulathe ityuwa encinci yelothe, isepha yesinyithi, i-phenol, i-aromatic amine, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo, ukucutshungulwa kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo akuyi kuchaphazeleka, nangona kunjalo, ukubola kwayo kubushushu kunokunciphisa ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Ezi zifundo zikhuthaza ukusekwa kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwe-PVC stabilizers.

Iziqinisi ze-PVC eziqhelekileyo ziquka iziqinisi ze-organotin, iziqinisi zetyuwa yesinyithi, kunye neziqinisi zetyuwa ye-inorganic. Iziqinisi ze-Organotin zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeemveliso ze-PVC ngenxa yokucaca kwazo, ukumelana kakuhle nemozulu, kunye nokuhambelana kwazo. Iziqinisi zetyuwa yesinyithi zihlala zisebenzisa i-calcium, i-zinc, okanye i-barium salts, enokubonelela ngozinzo olungcono lobushushu. Iziqinisi zetyuwa ye-inorganic ezifana ne-tribasic lead sulfate, i-dibasic lead phosphite, njl. zinokuqiniswa kobushushu ixesha elide kunye nokufakelwa kombane okuhle. Xa ukhetha isiqinisi se-PVC esifanelekileyo, kufuneka uqwalasele iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-PVC kunye neempawu zozinzo ezifunekayo. Iziqinisi ezahlukeneyo ziya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kweemveliso ze-PVC ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweekhemikhali, ngoko ke ukwenziwa kunye novavanyo oluqinileyo kuyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kweziqinisi. Intshayelelo eneenkcukacha kunye nothelekiso lweziqinisi ezahlukeneyo ze-PVC zezi zilandelayo:

Isiqinisi se-Organotin:Iziqinisi ze-Organotin zezona ziqinisi zisebenzayo kwiimveliso ze-PVC. Iikhompawundi zazo ziimveliso zempendulo ye-organotin oxides okanye i-organotin chloride ezinee-asidi okanye ii-esters ezifanelekileyo.

Iziqinisi ze-Organotin zahlulwe zibe zi-sulphur-containing kunye ne-sulphur-free. Uzinzo lweziqinisi ze-sulphur-containing lubalasele, kodwa kukho iingxaki kwincasa kunye nokudibanisa imibala efana nezinye iikhompawundi eziqulethe i-sulphur. Iziqinisi ze-organotin ezingezizo i-sulfur zihlala zisekelwe kwi-maleic acid okanye i-half maleic acid esters. Ziyathandaiziqinisi ze-methyl tinazisebenzi kakuhleizinto zokuqinisa ubushushukunye nozinzo olungcono lokukhanya.

Iziqinisi ze-Organotin zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekupakisheni ukutya nakwezinye iimveliso ze-PVC ezibonakalayo njengeepayipi ezibonakalayo.

Izinto zokuzinzisa iiNkokeli:Izinto ezizinzisa i-lead ziquka ezi zinto zilandelayo: i-dibasic lead stearate, i-hydrated tribasic lead sulfate, i-dibasic lead phthalate, kunye ne-dibasic lead phosphate.

Njengezinto ezigcina ubushushu bube buzinzile, iikhompawundi zelothe aziyi konakalisa iipropati zombane ezilungileyo, ukufunxwa kwamanzi kancinci, kunye nokumelana nemozulu yangaphandle kwezinto zePVC.iziqinisi zelothezineengxaki ezifana nezi:

- Ukuba netyhefu;

- Ungcoliseko olunqamlezileyo, ingakumbi ngesalfure;

- Ukuvelisa i-chloride ye-lead, eya kwenza imicu kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo;

- Umlinganiselo onzima, nto leyo ebangela umlinganiselo onganelisiyo wobunzima/umthamo.

- Iziqinisi zelothi zihlala zenza iimveliso zePVC zingabi nambala ngoko nangoko kwaye zitshintshe umbala ngokukhawuleza emva kobushushu obuhlala ixesha elide.

Nangona kukho ezi ngxaki, iziqinisi zelothe zisasetyenziswa kakhulu. Kwizinto zokukhusela umbane, iziqinisi zelothe ziyathandwa. Ngenxa yempembelelo yazo ngokubanzi, iimveliso ezininzi zePVC eziguquguqukayo neziqinileyo ziyafumaneka ezifana neengqimba zangaphandle zekhebula, iibhodi eziqinileyo zePVC ezingacacanga, iipayipi eziqinileyo, izikhumba zokwenziwa, kunye nee-injectors.

Izinto zokuqinisa ityuwa yesinyithi: Iziqinisi zetyuwa yesinyithi ezixutyiweyozii-aggregates zeekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo, ezidla ngokuyilwa ngokwezicelo ezithile ze-PVC kunye nabasebenzisi. Olu hlobo lwesiqinisi luye lwavela ekongezweni kwe-barium succinate kunye ne-cadmium palm acid yodwa ukuya ekuxutyweni ngokwasemzimbeni kwesepha ye-barium, isepha ye-cadmium, isepha ye-zinc, kunye ne-organic phosphite, kunye nee-antioxidants, izinyibilikisi, izandisi, iiplastiki, izinto zombala, ii-UV absorbers, izikhanyisi, ii-agents zokulawula i-viscosity, ii-lubricants, kunye neencasa zokwenziwa. Ngenxa yoko, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela isiphumo sesiqinisi sokugqibela.

Izinto zokuqinisa isinyithi, ezifana ne-barium, i-calcium, kunye ne-magnesium azikhuseli umbala wokuqala wezinto ze-PVC kodwa zinokubonelela ngokumelana nobushushu ixesha elide. Izinto ze-PVC ezizinzileyo ngale ndlela ziqala zimthubi/ziorenji, zize ziguquke kancinci zibe mdaka, zize ekugqibeleni zibe mnyama emva kobushushu obungapheliyo.

Iziqinisi zeCadmium kunye neZinc zaqala ukusetyenziswa kuba zicacile kwaye zinokugcina umbala wokuqala weemveliso zePVC. Ukuqina kobushushu bexesha elide okunikezelwa ziziqinisi zeCadmium kunye neZinc kubi kakhulu kunoko kunikezelwa zeBarium, ezidla ngokuwohloka ngequbuliso ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kophawu oluncinci okanye olungekhoyo.

Ukongeza kwi-factor of metal ratio, isiphumo se-metal salt stabilizers sikwanxulumene nee-salt compounds zazo, ezizezona zinto ziphambili ezichaphazela ezi mpawu zilandelayo: ukuthambisa, ukuhambahamba, ukucaca, utshintsho lombala, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu be-PVC. Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye ze-mixed metal stabilizers eziqhelekileyo: i-2-ethylcaproate, i-phenolate, i-benzoate, kunye ne-stearate.

Iziqinisi zetyuwa yesinyithi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zePVC ezithambileyo kunye neemveliso zePVC ezithambileyo ezibonakalayo ezifana nokupakishwa kokutya, izinto ezisetyenziswayo kwezonyango, kunye nokupakishwa kwamayeza.